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选择小儿疫苗需要根据孩子的体质选

更新时间2017-03-25 09:42:36  点击次数:639次
<span style="color: rgb(89, 87, 87); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 微软雅黑, 黑体; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 30px; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 28px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; display: inline !important; float: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">一、疫苗选择多消费者纠结</span><br style="color: rgb(89, 87, 87); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 微软雅黑, 黑体; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 30px; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 28px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" /> <span style="color: rgb(89, 87, 87); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 微软雅黑, 黑体; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 30px; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 28px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; display: inline !important; float: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">  张女士带刚满两个月的女儿去附近的社区卫生服务中心接种脊灰疫苗。“医生告诉我说有三种可以选择,国产免费的糖丸,进口的针剂,还有五联苗。选择五联苗,孩子可以少打很多针。”张女士了解了一下三种疫苗的价格,权衡再三,给女儿选了进口的单苗,但心里仍很纠结——这几种疫苗到底有啥区别呢?</span><br style="color: rgb(89, 87, 87); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 微软雅黑, 黑体; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 30px; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 28px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" /> <br style="color: rgb(89, 87, 87); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 微软雅黑, 黑体; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 30px; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 28px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" /> <span style="color: rgb(89, 87, 87); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 微软雅黑, 黑体; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 30px; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 28px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; display: inline !important; float: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">随后,记者走访了越秀区、荔湾区的其他3个社区卫生服务中心,发现从5月份开始,基本上都有五联苗可以选择,记者随机采访了一下,发现很多妈妈都和张女士一样纠结——选五联苗吧,不太了解;选进口单苗吧,打针的次数确实多;选国产的吧,虽然免费,但是副作用可能更大,真不知该如何是好。</span><br style="color: rgb(89, 87, 87); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 微软雅黑, 黑体; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 30px; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 28px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" /> <span style="color: rgb(89, 87, 87); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 微软雅黑, 黑体; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 30px; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 28px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; display: inline !important; float: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">  专家观点:经济条件许可选择五联苗</span><br style="color: rgb(89, 87, 87); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 微软雅黑, 黑体; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 30px; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 28px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" /> <span style="color: rgb(89, 87, 87); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 微软雅黑, 黑体; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 30px; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 28px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; display: inline !important; float: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">  王鸣强调,对于一个适宜接种疫苗的儿童来说,所有疫苗的接种都是重要的。相比于宝宝免受疾病带来的痛苦甚至残疾,接种疫苗所需要支出的费用并不算高。</span><br style="color: rgb(89, 87, 87); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 微软雅黑, 黑体; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 30px; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 28px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" /> <span style="color: rgb(89, 87, 87); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 微软雅黑, 黑体; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 30px; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 28px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; display: inline !important; float: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">  王鸣介绍,对宝宝健康危害严重的五大疾病,包括白喉、百日咳、破伤风、脊髓灰质炎和b型流感嗜血杆菌(简称Hib)引起的感染,其疾病致死率和致残率都相当高。因此,接种疫苗是保护孩子健康的必要措施。</span><br style="color: rgb(89, 87, 87); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 微软雅黑, 黑体; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 30px; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 28px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" /> <span style="color: rgb(89, 87, 87); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 微软雅黑, 黑体; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 30px; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 28px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; display: inline !important; float: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">  而五联苗是今年5月在我国上市的首个儿童五联疫苗,属需要自费的二类疫苗。可以同时预防白喉、破伤风、百日咳、脊髓灰质炎和b型流感嗜血杆菌感染等五种疾病。“如果经济条件许可,家长可以为孩子选择五联苗,虽然需要自费,但其优势还是很明显的。”王鸣说。</span><br style="color: rgb(89, 87, 87); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 微软雅黑, 黑体; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 30px; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 28px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" /> <span style="color: rgb(89, 87, 87); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 微软雅黑, 黑体; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 30px; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 28px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; display: inline !important; float: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">  二、五联苗两大优势</span><br style="color: rgb(89, 87, 87); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 微软雅黑, 黑体; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 30px; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 28px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" /> <span style="color: rgb(89, 87, 87); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 微软雅黑, 黑体; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 30px; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 28px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; display: inline !important; float: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">  1.五联苗是将来趋势</span><br style="color: rgb(89, 87, 87); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 微软雅黑, 黑体; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 30px; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 28px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" /> <span style="color: rgb(89, 87, 87); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 微软雅黑, 黑体; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 30px; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 28px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; display: inline !important; float: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">  我国目前广泛使用的是国产的脊灰减毒活疫苗(OPV)(俗称糖丸),服用后主要是在肠道内产生抗体,但由于是减毒的活疫苗,没有被吸收的病毒有可能通过排泄在环境里发生突变,引起没有接种疫苗的人发病,因此,要想在全国范围内消灭脊髓灰质炎有一定的难度。</span><br style="color: rgb(89, 87, 87); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 微软雅黑, 黑体; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 30px; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 28px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" /> <span style="color: rgb(89, 87, 87); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 微软雅黑, 黑体; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 30px; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 28px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; display: inline !important; float: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">  五联苗是今年5月在我国上市的联合疫苗,是针剂,特性和IPV一样,同时还可以预防其他四种疾病。</span><br style="color: rgb(89, 87, 87); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 微软雅黑, 黑体; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 30px; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 28px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" /> <span style="color: rgb(89, 87, 87); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 微软雅黑, 黑体; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 30px; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 28px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; display: inline !important; float: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">  “使用联合疫苗是疫苗发展的趋势,现在全世界都在努力消灭脊髓灰质炎,如果真想实现这个目标,最终我们还是需要通过灭活疫苗来实现,因此将来,针剂肯定会代替糖丸。”王鸣说。</span><br style="color: rgb(89, 87, 87); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 微软雅黑, 黑体; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 30px; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 28px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" /> <span style="color: rgb(89, 87, 87); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 微软雅黑, 黑体; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 30px; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 28px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; display: inline !important; float: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">  2.减少偶合症几率</span><br style="color: rgb(89, 87, 87); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 微软雅黑, 黑体; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 30px; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 28px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" /> <span style="color: rgb(89, 87, 87); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 微软雅黑, 黑体; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 30px; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 28px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; display: inline !important; float: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">  目前预防百日咳、白喉、破伤风、脊髓灰质炎和b型流感嗜血杆菌引起的感染的免费疫苗一共需要12剂次。而使用五联疫苗,需要接受三剂基础免疫和一剂加强免疫,总共接种4针就可以了。</span><br style="color: rgb(89, 87, 87); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 微软雅黑, 黑体; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 30px; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 28px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" /> <span style="color: rgb(89, 87, 87); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 微软雅黑, 黑体; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 30px; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 28px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; display: inline !important; float: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">  疫苗接种率越高、品种越多,发生偶合症的几率就越大。“将针次由12针减少到4针,主要优势是减少了宝宝8次打针的痛苦,而且也减少了发生偶合症的风险。”王鸣说。</span><br style="color: rgb(89, 87, 87); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 微软雅黑, 黑体; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 30px; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 28px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" /> <span style="color: rgb(89, 87, 87); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 微软雅黑, 黑体; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 30px; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 28px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; display: inline !important; float: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">  三、专家答疑</span><br style="color: rgb(89, 87, 87); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 微软雅黑, 黑体; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 30px; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 28px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" /> <span style="color: rgb(89, 87, 87); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 微软雅黑, 黑体; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 30px; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 28px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; display: inline !important; float: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">  1.除了国家规定的一类疫苗外,二类疫苗有没有必要打?</span><br style="color: rgb(89, 87, 87); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 微软雅黑, 黑体; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 30px; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 28px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" /> <span style="color: rgb(89, 87, 87); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 微软雅黑, 黑体; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 30px; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 28px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; display: inline !important; float: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">  答:有条件应尽量接种。王鸣提醒,“一类苗必须打,二类苗不必要”是一种错误认识。虽然二类疫苗可以任家长选择是否接种,但并不代表这些疫苗不重要,只是我们国家目前还不具备普及的条件。“在国外,二类苗都被纳入了一类,我国暂时没有能力将这些二类苗纳入一类范围,但对这些二类苗的功能是认可的,有能力后一定会将这些二类苗纳入一类。所以,建议经济条件许可的家庭,最好还是给孩子接种。”</span><br style="color: rgb(89, 87, 87); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 微软雅黑, 黑体; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 30px; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 28px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" /> <span style="color: rgb(89, 87, 87); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 微软雅黑, 黑体; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 30px; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 28px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; display: inline !important; float: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">  2.五联苗就是把五种疫苗混在一起吗?</span><br style="color: rgb(89, 87, 87); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 微软雅黑, 黑体; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 30px; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 28px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" /> <span style="color: rgb(89, 87, 87); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 微软雅黑, 黑体; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 30px; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 28px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; display: inline !important; float: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">  答:联合疫苗≠单苗混合。联合疫苗不是简单的多种疫苗的混合,它的研发难度大、生产技术要求高。选择联合疫苗的抗原颇具挑战,不仅各个抗原组分要符合相应的要求,同时还必须考虑各种抗原组分的可溶性、物理兼容性、稳定性等问题。以百白破(DTP)联合疫苗为例,上世纪八十年代早期,人们把关注重点移向了纯化DTP疫苗中的百日咳抗原,随后开发出了具有良好耐受性和安全性的无细胞百日咳联合疫苗(DTaP)。</span>
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